What is the Single Occupational Risk Assessment Document (SPOR)?
Verified 22 July 2026 - Entreprendre Service Public / (Prime Minister)
The single occupational risk assessment document (DUERP) is mandatory in all companies from the time of hiring 1er employee. The employer identify and evaluate first the risks present in the company. It then records in the DUERP the result of the assessment of occupational health and safety risks to which employees may be exposed. We're taking a look at the regulations.
Less than 50 employees
The employer shall take the necessary measures to ensure the safety and protect the physical and mental health of the employees.
These measures are as follows:
- Shares of prevention of occupational risks, especially those related to marked physical constraints, work rhythms and the pleasant physical environment
- Shares ofinformation and training
- Setting up a organization and adapted means.
The employer shall ensure that these measures are adapted to take account of changing circumstances and to improve existing situations.
The employer shall implement the risk prevention measures applying the following general principles of prevention:
- Avoid risks, i.e. removing the hazard or exposure to the hazard
- Evaluate risks, i.e. assessing the exposure to the hazard and the importance of the risk in order to prioritize the preventive actions to be carried out
- Fighting risks at the source, that is to say, integrating prevention as early as possible, particularly from the design of workplaces, equipment or operating methods
- Adapting the work to humans, taking into account individual differences, with the aim of reducing the effects of work on health
- Take account of technical developments, i.e. adapting prevention to technical and organizational changes
- Replacing a hazardous product or process by what is less so, when the same result can be obtained with a solution presenting lesser dangers
- Plan prevention by integrating technology, organization and working conditions, social relations and the environment
- Prioritize collective protection measures and use personal protective equipment as a complement to collective protections if they prove insufficient
- Give appropriate instructions to employees, that is to say, to train and inform them so that they know the risks and the preventive measures.
General principles of prevention (Articles L4121-1 and L4121-2)
The employer first identifies the risks and then classifies them according to company-specific criteria (e.g. frequency of exposure and severity).
Example :
The stairs and theelectricity represent a danger in the company.
THEelectrocution by changing a light bulb or fall in a staircase are risks.
The following stakeholders also contribute to this risk assessment:
- Employee involved in the protection and prevention of occupational risks in the company, when designated by the employer
- Prevention and Occupational Health Service to which the employer adheres
- CSE: titleContent and its committee on health, safety and working conditions, if any
- Stakeholders outside the company (Carsat: titleContent, MSA: titleContent for example).
Risk identification, analysis and classification make it possible to define and prioritize prevention actions covering the technical, human and organizational dimensions.
The employer shall assess the risks of its activity in particular in the following areas:
- Choice of manufacturing processes
- Choice of work equipment
- Choice of chemical substances or preparations
- Fitting out or refurbishing of workplaces or facilities
- Organization of work
- Definition of workstations.
This assessment shall take into account the differentiated impact of the exposure to risk in function of sex of employee.
The results of this evaluation are reflected in the definition of risk prevention and protection actions employees.
Please note
The establishment of the teleworking also involves an assessment of occupational risks by the employer (for example on the physical layout of the position, the isolation of employees...))
General principles of prevention (Articles L4121-3 and L4121-3-1)
Occupational Risk Factors
The DUERP: titleContent shall include the following:
- Hazard Inventory and outcome of the risk assessment identified in the company
- List of prevention actions risks and employee protection.
The results of the risk assessment shall be reflected in the DUERP: titleContent to respond to 3 requirements :
- Consistency : by combining data from the analysis of the risks to which workers are exposed in a single medium
- Convenience : to bring together the results of the various risk analyses carried out on the same document, thus facilitating the follow-up of the risk prevention approach in company
- Traceability : a systematic report of the results of the risk assessment must be carried out so that all the elements analyzed are in paper or computer form.
There is no model imposed by the labor code. However, some professional branches (cleanliness and building for example) offer tools to help in the preparation of the document.
The employer has the choice of the medium that seems most suitable to his needs (paper or digital document).
The employer must append to the DUERP the collective data useful for the traceability of the exposures of employees to the occupational risk factors.
This exposure may be related to a significant physical constraint, an aggressive physical environment or a particular work rhythm.
The employer must also indicate the proportion of employees exposed to these factors beyond the thresholds defined by the Labor Code. For example, an employee exposed to mechanical vibrations, extreme temperature or activity resulting in repetitive movements.
This information allows the employer to report the employee's exposures to his or her prevention professional account (C2P).
The DUERP: titleContent shall be available to the following persons:
- Worker, former worker and any person or body that can demonstrate an interest in having access to it
- Members of the staff delegation of the CSE: titleContent
- Prevention and Occupational Health Service
- Labor Inspection System Officers
- Health Prevention Services Officers Carsat: titleContent
- Officers of professional health, safety and working conditions organizations
- Radiation protection inspectors for workers exposed to ionizing radiation, for the facilities and activities for which they are respectively responsible.
The employer must post the rules for viewing this document in a suitable and easily accessible place in the workplace.
In companies or establishments with a rules and regulations, this notice shall be displayed in the same location as the rules and regulations.
Single risk assessment document (Article R4121-4)
Updating the DUERP: titleContent has peculiarities depending on the size of the company:
Répondez aux questions successives et les réponses s’afficheront automatiquement
Company with less than 11 employees
The DUERP is updated in the following situations:
- During any planning decision modifying working conditions or impacting the health or safety of employees (e.g. use of a new hazardous chemical)
- When a additional information relevant to the assessment of a risk in a work unit is collected (e.g. occurrence of occupational diseases).
Company of 11 to 49 employees
The DUERP: titleContent is updated in the following situations:
- During any planning decision modifying working conditions or impacting the health or safety of employees (e.g. use of a new hazardous chemical)
- When a additional information relevant to the assessment of a risk in a work unit is collected (e.g. occurrence of occupational diseases)
- At least once a year.
The CSE: titleContent, where it exists, shall be consulted on the occasion of updates to the DUERP: titleContent.
The DUERP: titleContent is transmitted by the employer at each update to the prevention and occupational health service to which it adheres.
Single risk assessment document (Article R4121-2)
The DUERP: titleContent, as amended from time to time, shall be retained by the employer for a period of 40 years from the time of its preparation.
Single risk assessment document (Article R4121-4)
Criminal sanctions in the absence of DUERP or if it is not up to date
An employer who does not include the occupational risks of the company in the DUERP: titleContent or who does not update the document is subject to the fine for contraventions of 5e class:
- For a natural person, until €1,500 (up to €3,000 in case of recurrence)
- For a legal person, until €7,500 (up to €15,000 in case of recurrence).
An employer who does not make the DUERP available to CSE: titleContent commits a obstruction offense. The penalty may be up to 1 year's imprisonment and €7,500 of fine.
Administrative fine in the absence of DUERP
Where the employer did not set up from DUERP: titleContent in the company and in the absence of criminal sanctions, it risks:
- Either a warning,
- Or an administrative fine of up to €4,000.
This penalty may be applied as many times as there are workers affected by the infringement.
In case of recurrence in the 2 years from the day of notification of a fine for a previous infringement of the same nature, the maximum amount shall be increased to €8,000.
In case of recurrence in the period of 1 year from the day of notification of a warning in the case of a previous infringement of the same nature, the maximum amount shall be increased to €6,000.
50 employees and more
The employer shall take the necessary measures to ensure the safety and protect the physical and mental health of the employees.
These measures are as follows:
- Shares of prevention of occupational risks, especially those related to marked physical constraints, work rhythms and the pleasant physical environment
- Shares ofinformation and training
- Setting up a organization and adapted means.
The employer shall ensure that these measures are adapted to take account of changing circumstances and to improve existing situations.
The employer shall implement the risk prevention measures applying the following general principles of prevention:
- Avoid risks, i.e. removing the hazard or exposure to the hazard
- Evaluate risks, i.e. assessing the exposure to the hazard and the importance of the risk in order to prioritize the preventive actions to be carried out
- Fighting risks at the source, that is to say, integrating prevention as early as possible, particularly from the design of workplaces, equipment or operating methods
- Adapting the work to humans, taking into account individual differences, with the aim of reducing the effects of work on health
- Take account of technical developments, i.e. adapting prevention to technical and organizational developments
- Replacing a hazardous product or process by what is less so, when the same result can be obtained with a solution presenting lesser dangers
- Plan prevention by integrating technology, organization and working conditions, social relations and the environment
- Prioritize collective protection measures and use personal protective equipment as a complement to collective protections if they prove insufficient
- Give appropriate instructions to employees, that is to say, to train and inform them so that they know the risks and the preventive measures.
General principles of prevention (Articles L4121-1 and L4121-2)
The employer first identifies the risks and then classifies them according to company-specific criteria (e.g. frequency of exposure and severity).
Example :
The stairs and theelectricity represent a danger in the company.
THEelectrocution by changing a light bulb or fall in a staircase are risks.
Stakeholders also contribute to this risk assessment according to the size of the company:
Répondez aux questions successives et les réponses s’afficheront automatiquement
Company with less than 300 employees
The following stakeholders are involved in the risk assessment:
- CSE: titleContent
- Employee involved in the protection and prevention of occupational risks in the company, when designated by the employer
- Prevention and Occupational Health Service to which the employer adheres.
Company of 300+ employees
The following stakeholders are involved in the risk assessment:
- CSE: titleContent
- Committee on Health, Safety and Working Conditions
- Employee involved in the protection and prevention of occupational risks in the company, when designated by the employer
- Prevention and Occupational Health Service to which the employer adheres.
Risk identification, analysis and classification make it possible to define and prioritize prevention actions covering the technical, human and organizational dimensions.
The employer shall assess the risks of its activity in particular in the following areas:
- Choice of manufacturing processes
- Choice of work equipment
- Choice of chemical substances or preparations
- Fitting out or refurbishing of workplaces or facilities
- Organization of work
- Definition of workstations.
This assessment shall take into account the differentiated impact of the exposure to risk in function of sex of employee.
The results of this evaluation are reflected in the development of the annual program for the prevention of occupational risks and the improvement of working conditions.
This program contains the following information:
- Detailed list of preventive measures taken with performance indicators and cost estimates
- Identification of company assets that can be mobilized
- Timetable for implementation of measures.
General principles of prevention (Articles L4121-3 and L4121-3-1)
Occupational Risk Factors
Annual consultation on company social policy, working conditions and employment
The DUERP: titleContent must include thehazard inventory and the outcome of the risk analysis identified in the company.
The CSE: titleContent is consulted on the content of the DUERP.
The results of the risk assessment shall be reflected in the DUERP: titleContent to respond to 3 requirements :
- Consistency : by combining data from the analysis of the risks to which workers are exposed in a single medium
- Convenience : to bring together the results of the various risk analyses carried out on the same document, thus facilitating the follow-up of the risk prevention approach in company
- Traceability : a systematic report of the results of the risk assessment must be carried out so that all the elements analyzed are in paper or computer form.
There is no model imposed by the labor code. However, some professional branches (cleanliness and building for example) offer tools to help in the preparation of the document.
The employer has the choice of the medium that seems most suitable to his needs (paper or digital document).
The employer must append to the DUERP the collective data useful for the traceability of the exposures of employees to the occupational risk factors.
This exposure may be related to a significant physical constraint, an aggressive physical environment or a particular work rhythm.
The employer must also indicate the proportion of employees exposed to these factors beyond the thresholds defined by the Labor Code. For example, an employee exposed to mechanical vibrations, extreme temperature or activity resulting in repetitive movements.
This information allows the employer to report the employee's exposures to his or her prevention professional account (C2P).
The DUERP: titleContent shall be available to the following persons:
- Worker, former worker and any person or body that can demonstrate an interest in having access to it
- Members of the staff delegation of the CSE: titleContent
- Prevention and Occupational Health Service
- Labor Inspection System Officers
- Health Prevention Services Officers Carsat: titleContent
- Officers of professional health, safety and working conditions organizations
- Radiation protection inspectors for workers exposed to ionizing radiation, for the facilities and activities for which they are respectively responsible.
The employer must post the rules for viewing this document in a suitable and easily accessible place in the workplace.
In companies or establishments with a rules and regulations, this notice shall be displayed in the same location as the rules and regulations.
Single risk assessment document (Article R4121-4)
The DUERP: titleContent is updated in the following situations:
- During any planning decision modifying working conditions or impacting the health or safety of employees (e.g. use of a new hazardous chemical)
- When a additional information relevant to the assessment of a risk in a work unit is collected (e.g. occurrence of occupational diseases)
- At least once a year.
The CSE: titleContent, where it exists, shall be consulted on the occasion of updates to the DUERP: titleContent.
The DUERP is transmitted by the employer at each update to prevention and occupational health service to which it adheres.
Single risk assessment document (Article R4121-2)
The DUERP: titleContent, as amended from time to time, shall be retained by the employer for a period of 40 years from the time of its preparation.
Single risk assessment document (Article R4121-4)
Criminal sanctions in the absence of DUERP or if it is not up to date
An employer who does not include the occupational risks of the company in the DUERP: titleContent or who does not update the document is subject to the fine for contraventions of 5e class:
- For a natural person, until €1,500 (up to €3,000 in case of recurrence)
- For a legal person, until €7,500 (up to €15,000 in case of recurrence).
An employer who does not make the DUERP available to CSE: titleContent commits a obstruction offense. The penalty may be up to 1 year's imprisonment and €7,500 of fine.
Administrative fine in the absence of DUERP
Where the employer did not set up from DUERP: titleContent in the company and in the absence of criminal sanctions, it risks:
- Either a warning,
- Or an administrative fine of up to €4,000.
This penalty may be applied as many times as there are workers affected by the infringement.
In case of recurrence in the 2 years from the day of notification of a fine for a previous infringement of the same nature, the maximum amount shall be increased to €8,000.
In case of recurrence in the period of 1 year from the day of notification of a warning in the case of a previous infringement of the same nature, the maximum amount shall be increased to €6,000.
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Allô Service Public - Renseignement administratif par téléphone
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The informants who answer you belong to the ministry responsible for labor.
For information on occupational risk prevention
French national retirement and occupational health insurance fund, CarsatFor information on the prevention of occupational accidents at work and diseases
By post
INRS
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By phone or fax
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Telephone: (33) (0)1 40 44 30 00
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Powers of the Social and Economic Committee in companies with at least 11 employees and less than 50 employees
Annual consultation on company social policy, working conditions and employment
General principles of prevention
Occupational Risk Factors
Single risk assessment document
Penal fine if the DUERP is not established or updated
Penalty applicable in case of obstruction
Administrative fine in the absence of DUERP
Administrative fine in the absence of DUERP (amount)
National Research and Security Institute (INRS)
Professional Organization for the Prevention of Building and Public Works (OPPBTP)
National Agency for the Improvement of Working Conditions (ANACT)